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8-channel dac with pll and single-ended outputs, 192 khz, 24 bits ad1934 rev. b information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com fax: 781.461.3113 ?2007C2011 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. features pll generated or direct master clock low emi design 108 db dac dynamic range and snr ?94 db thd + n single 3.3 v supply tolerance for 5 v logic inputs supports 24 bits and 8 khz to 192 khz sample rates single-ended dac output log volume control with autoramp function spi? controllable for flexibility software-controllable clickless mute software power-down right-justified, left-justified, i 2 s, and tdm modes master and slave modes up to 16-channel in/out 48-lead lqfp qualified for automotive applications applications automotive audio systems home theater systems set-top boxes digital audio effects processors general description the ad1934 is a high performance, single chip that provides eight digital-to-analog converters (dacs) with single-ended output using the analog devices, inc., patented multibit sigma- delta (-) architecture. an spi port is included, allowing a microcontroller to adjust volume and many other parameters. the ad1934 operates from 3.3 v digital and analog supplies. the ad1934 is available in a 48-lead (single-ended output) lqfp. other members of this family include a differential dac output and i 2 c? control port version. the ad1934 is designed for low emi. this consideration is apparent in both the system and circuit design architectures. by using the on-board pll to derive the master clock from the lr clock or from an external crystal, the ad1934 eliminates the need for a separate high frequency master clock and can also be used with a suppressed bit clock. the dacs are designed using the latest analog devices continuous time architectures to further minimize emi. by using 3.3 v supplies, power consumption is minimized, further reducing emissions. functional block diagram 0 6106-001 serial data port precision voltage reference timing management and control (clock and pll) control port i 2 c/spi control data input/output ad1934 digital audio input/output sdatain clocks analog audio outputs 6.144mhz dac dac dac dac dac dac dac dac digital filter and volume control figure 1.
ad1934 rev. b | page 2 of 28 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 ? applications....................................................................................... 1 ? general description ......................................................................... 1 ? functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 ? revision history ............................................................................... 2 ? specifications..................................................................................... 3 ? test conditions............................................................................. 3 ? analog performance specifications ........................................... 3 ? crystal oscillator specifications................................................. 4 ? digital input/output specifications........................................... 4 ? power supply specifications........................................................ 5 ? digital filters................................................................................. 6 ? timing specifications .................................................................. 6 ? absolute maximum ratings............................................................ 8 ? thermal resistance ...................................................................... 8 ? esd caution.................................................................................. 8 ? pin configuration and function descriptions............................. 9 ? typical performance characteristics ........................................... 11 ? theory of operation ...................................................................... 12 ? digital-to-analog converters (dacs) .................................... 12 ? clock signals............................................................................... 12 ? reset and power-down ............................................................. 12 ? serial control port ..................................................................... 13 ? power supply and voltage reference....................................... 14 ? serial data portsdata format............................................... 14 ? time-division multiplexed (tdm) modes............................ 14 ? daisy-chain mode ..................................................................... 16 ? control registers ............................................................................ 20 ? definitions................................................................................... 20 ? pll and clock control registers............................................. 20 ? dac control registers .............................................................. 21 ? auxiliary tdm port control registers ................................... 23 ? additional modes....................................................................... 23 ? application circuits ....................................................................... 25 ? outline dimensions ....................................................................... 26 ? ordering guide .......................................................................... 26 ? automotive products ................................................................. 26 ? revision history 1/11rev. a to rev. b added automotive info rmation.................................. throughout change to table 2, introductory text ............................................ 4 change to table 4, introductory text ............................................ 4 change to table 7, introductory text ............................................ 6 changes to ordering guide .......................................................... 26 9/09rev. 0 to rev. a change to title.................................................................................. 1 change to table 11 ......................................................................... 13 change to power supply and voltage reference section.......... 14 updated outline dimensions ....................................................... 26 changes to ordering guide .......................................................... 26 8/07revision 0: initial version
ad1934 rev. b | page 3 of 28 specifications test conditions performance of all channels is identical, exclusive of the interchannel gain mismatch and interchannel phase deviation specific ations. supply voltages (avdd, dvdd) 3.3 v temperature range 1 as specified in table 1 and table 2 master clock 12.288 mhz (48 khz f s , 256 f s mode) input sample rate 48 khz measurement bandwidth 20 hz to 20 khz word width 24 bits load capacitance (digital output) 20 pf load current (digital output) 1 ma or 1.5 k to ? dvdd supply input voltage hi 2.0 v input voltage lo 0.8 v 1 functionally guaranteed at ?40 c to +125c case temperature. analog performance specifications specifications guaranteed at 25c (ambient). table 1. parameter test conditions/comments min typ max unit digital-to-analog converters dynamic range 20 hz to 20 khz, ?60 db input no filter (rms) 98 104 db with a-weighted filter (rms) 100 106 db with a-weighted filter (average) 108 db total harmonic distortion + noise 0 dbfs single-ended version two channels running ?92 db eight channels running ?86 ?75 db full-scale output voltage 0.88 (2.48) v rms (v p-p) gain error ?10 +10 % interchannel gain mismatch ?0.2 +0.2 db offset error ?16 ?4 +16 mv gain drift ?30 +30 ppm/c interchannel isolation 100 db interchannel phase deviation 0 degrees volume control step 0.375 db volume control range 95 db de-emphasis gain error 0.6 db output resistance at each pin 100 reference internal reference voltage filtr pin 1.50 v external reference voltage filtr pin 1.32 1.50 1.68 v common-mode reference output cm pin 1.50 v
ad1934 rev. b | page 4 of 28 specifications measured at 125c (case). table 2. parameter test conditions/comments min typ max unit digital-to-analog converters dynamic range 20 hz to 20 khz, ?60 db input no filter (rms) 98 104 db with a-weighted filter (rms) 100 106 db with a-weighted filter (average) 108 db total harmonic distortion + noise 0 dbfs single-ended version two channels running ?92 db eight channels running ?86 ?70 db full-scale output voltage 0.8775 (2.482) v rms (v p-p) gain error ?10 +10 % interchannel gain mismatch ?0.2 +0.2 db offset error ?16 ?4 +16 mv gain drift ?30 +30 ppm/c reference internal reference voltage filtr pin 1.50 v external reference voltage filtr pin 1.32 1.50 1.68 v common-mode reference output cm pin 1.50 v crystal oscillator specifications table 3. parameter min typ max unit transconductance 3.5 mmhos digital input/output specifications ?40c < t c < 125c, dvdd = 3.3 v 10%. table 4. parameter test conditions/comments min typ max unit input voltage hi (v ih ) 2.0 v input voltage hi (v ih ) mclki pin 2.2 v input voltage lo (v il ) 0.8 v input leakage i ih @ v ih = 2.4 v 10 a i il @ v il = 0.8 v 10 a high level output voltage (v oh ) i oh = 1 ma dvdd ? 0.60 v low level output voltage (v ol ) i ol = 1 ma 0.4 v input capacitance 5 pf
ad1934 rev. b | page 5 of 28 power supply specifications table 5. parameter test conditions/comments min typ max unit supplies voltage dvdd 3.0 3.3 3.6 v avdd 3.0 3.3 3.6 v digital current mclk = 256 f s normal operation f s = 48 khz 56 ma f s = 96 khz 65 ma f s = 192 khz 95 ma power-down f s = 48 khz to 192 khz 2.0 ma analog current normal operation 74 ma power-down 23 ma dissipation operation mclk = 256 f s , 48 khz all supplies 429 mw digital supply 185 mw analog supply 244 mw power-down, all supplies 83 mw power supply rejection ratio signal at analog supply pins 1 khz, 200 mv p-p 50 db 20 khz, 200 mv p-p 50 db
ad1934 rev. b | page 6 of 28 digital filters table 6. parameter mode factor min typ max unit dac interpolation filter pass band 48 khz mode, typ @ 48 khz 0.4535 f s 22 khz 96 khz mode, typ @ 96 khz 0.3646 f s 35 khz 192 khz mode, typ @ 192 khz 0.3646 f s 70 khz pass-band ripple 48 khz mode, typ @ 48 khz 0.01 db 96 khz mode, typ @ 96 khz 0.05 db 192 khz mode, typ @ 192 khz 0.1 db transition band 48 khz mode, typ @ 48 khz 0.5 f s 24 khz 96 khz mode, typ @ 96 khz 0.5 f s 48 khz 192 khz mode, typ @ 192 khz 0.5 f s 96 khz stop band 48 khz mode, typ @ 48 khz 0.5465 f s 26 khz 96 khz mode, typ @ 96 khz 0.6354 f s 61 khz 192 khz mode, typ @ 192 khz 0.6354 f s 122 khz stop-band attenuation 48 khz mode, typ @ 48 khz 70 db 96 khz mode, typ @ 96 khz 70 db 192 khz mode, typ @ 192 khz 70 db group delay 48 khz mode, typ @ 48 khz 25/f s 521 s 96 khz mode, typ @ 96 khz 11/f s 115 s 192 khz mode, typ @ 192 khz 8/f s 42 s timing specifications ?40c < t c < 125c, dvdd = 3.3 v 10%. table 7. parameter condition comments min max unit input master clock (mclk) and reset t mh mclk duty cycle dac clock source = pll clock @ 256 f s , 384 f s , 512 f s , 768 f s 40 60 % t mh dac clock source = direct mclk @ 512 f s (bypass on-chip pll) 40 60 % f mclk mclk frequency pll mode, 256 f s reference 6.9 13.8 mhz f mclk direct 512 f s mode 27.6 mhz t pdr rst low 15 ns t pdrr rst recovery reset to active output 4096 t mclk pll lock time mclk and lrclk input 10 ms 256 f s vco clock, output duty cycle mclko pin 40 60 % spi port see figure 9 t cch cclk high 35 ns t ccl cclk low 35 ns f cclk cclk frequency f cclk = 1/t ccp , only t ccp shown in figure 9 10 mhz t cds cdata setup to cclk rising 10 ns t cdh cdata hold from cclk rising 10 ns t cls clatch setup to cclk rising 10 ns t clh clatch hold from cclk falling 10 ns t clhigh clatch high not shown in figure 9 10 ns t coe cout enable from cclk falling 30 ns t cod cout delay from cclk falling 30 ns t coh cout hold from cclk falling, not shown in figure 9 30 ns t cots cout tri-state from cclk falling 30 ns
ad1934 rev. b | page 7 of 28 parameter condition comments min max unit dac serial port see figure 16 t dbh dbclk high slave mode 10 ns t dbl dbclk low slave mode 10 ns t dls dlrclk setup to dbclk rising, slave mode 10 ns t dlh dlrclk hold from dbclk rising, slave mode 5 ns t dls dlrclk skew from dbclk falling, master mode ?8 +8 ns t dds dsdata setup to dbclk rising 10 ns t ddh dsdata hold from dbclk rising 5 ns auxtdm serial port see figure 17 t abh auxtdmbclk high slave mode 10 ns t abl auxtdmbclk low slave mode 10 ns t als auxtdmlrclk setup to auxtdmbclk rising, slave mode 10 ns t alh auxtdmlrclk hold from auxtdmbclk rising, slave mode 5 ns t als auxtdmlrclk skew from auxtdmbclk falling, master mode ?8 +8 ns t dds dsdata setup to auxtdmbclk, not shown in figure 17 10 ns t ddh dsdata hold from auxtdmbclk rising, not shown in figure 17 5 ns auxiliary interface t dxdd auxdata delay from auxbclk falling 18 ns t xbh auxbclk high 10 ns t xbl auxbclk low 10 ns t dls auxlrclk setup to auxbclk rising 10 ns t dlh auxlrclk hold from auxbclk rising 5 ns
ad1934 rev. b | page 8 of 28 absolute maximum ratings table 8. parameter rating analog (avdd) ?0.3 v to +3.6 v digital (dvdd) ?0.3 v to +3.6 v input current (except supply pins) 20 ma analog input voltage (signal pins) ?0.3 v to avdd + 0.3 v digital input voltage (signal pins) ?0.3 v to dvdd + 0.3 v operating temperature range (case) ?40c to +125c storage temperature range ?65c to +150c thermal resistance ja represents thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient; jc represents the thermal resistance, junction-to-case. all characteristics are for a 4-layer board. table 9. thermal resistance package type ja jc unit 48-lead lqfp 50.1 17 c/w stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. esd caution
ad1934 rev. b | page 9 of 28 pin configuration and fu nction descriptions 06106-020 avdd 48 lf 47 nc 46 nc 45 nc 44 nc 43 nc 42 nc 41 nc 40 nc 39 cm 38 avdd 37 dvdd 13 dsdata3 14 dsdata2 15 dsdata1 16 dbclk 17 dlrclk 18 auxdata1 19 nc 20 auxtdmbclk 21 auxtdmlrclk 22 cin/adr0 23 cout/sda 24 agnd 1 mclki/xi 2 mclko/xo 3 agnd 4 avdd 5 ol3 6 or3 7 ol4 8 or4 9 pd/rst 10 dsdata4 11 dgnd 12 agnd 36 filtr 35 agnd 34 avdd 33 agnd 32 or2 31 ol2 30 or1 29 ol1 28 clatch/adr1 27 cclk/scl 26 dgnd 25 ad1934 top view (not to scale) single-ended output nc = no connect figure 2. pin configuration table 10. pin function description pin o. input/utput mnemonic description 1 i agnd analog ground. 2 i mclki/xi master clock input/crystal oscillator input. 3 o mclko/xo master clock output/crystal oscillator output. 4 i agnd analog ground. 5 i avdd analog power supply. connect to analog 3.3 v supply. 6 o ol3 dac 3 left output. 7 o or3 dac 3 right output. 8 o ol4 dac 4 left output. 9 o or4 dac 4 right output. 10 i pd / rst power-down reset (active low). 11 i/o dsdata4 dac input 4 (input to dac 4 l and r)/dac tdm data output 2. 12 i dgnd digital ground. 13 i dvdd digital power supply. connect to digital 3.3 v supply. 14 i/o dsdata3 dac input 3 (input to dac 3 l and r) /dac tdm data input 2/aux dac 2 data output. 15 i/o dsdata2 dac input 2 (input to dac 2 l and r)/dac tdm data output 1. 16 i dsdata1 dac input 1 (input to dac 1 l and r)/dac tdm data input 1. 17 i/o dbclk bit clock for dacs (regular stereo, tdm, or daisy-chain tdm mode). 18 i/o dlrclk lr clock for dacs (regular stereo, tdm, or daisy-chain tdm mode). 19 o auxdata1 auxiliary data output 1 (to external dac 1, auxiliary mode only). 20 nc no connect. 21 i/o auxtdmbclk auxiliary mode only dac tdm bit clock. 22 i/o auxtdmlrclk auxiliary mode only dac lr tdm clock. 23 i cin/adr0 control data input (spi). 24 i/o cout/sda control data output (spi). 25 i dgnd digital ground. 26 i cclk/scl control clock input (spi).
ad1934 rev. b | page 10 of 28 pin no. input/output mnemonic description 27 i clatch /adr1 latch input for control data (spi). 28 o ol1 dac 1 left output. 29 o or1 dac 1 right output. 30 o ol2 dac 2 left output. 31 o or2 dac 2 right output. 32 i agnd analog ground. 33 i avdd analog power supply. connect to analog 3.3 v supply. 34 i agnd analog ground. 35 o filtr voltage reference filter capacitor connection. bypass with 10 f||100 nf to agnd. 36 i agnd analog ground. 37 i avdd analog power supply. connect to analog 3.3 v supply. 38 o cm common-mode reference filter capacitor connection. bypass with 47 f||100 nf to agnd. 39 to 46 nc must be tied to common mode, pin 38. alternately, ac-coupled to ground. 47 o lf pll loop filter. return to avdd. 48 i avdd analog power supply. connect to analog 3.3 v supply.
ad1934 rev. b | page 11 of 28 typical performance characteristics 0.06 0.04 0.02 ?0.06 ?0.04 ?0.02 0 02 16 8 magnitude (db) frequency (khz) 4 06106-004 0 ?150 ?100 ?50 09 24 48 72 magnitude (db) frequency (khz) 6 06106-007 figure 6. dac stop-band filter response, 96 khz figure 3. dac pass-band filter response, 48 khz 0 ?150 ?100 ?50 04 12 24 36 magnitude (db) frequency (khz) 8 06106-005 0.5 ?0.5 ?0.4 ?0.3 ?0.2 ?0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 06 81 63 2 magnitude (db) frequency (khz) 4 06106-008 figure 4. dac stop-band filter response, 48 khz figure 7. dac pass-band filter response, 192 khz 0.10 ?0.10 ?0.05 0 0.05 09 72 48 24 magnitude (db) frequency (khz) 6 ?10 ?8 ?6 ?4 ?2 0 48 96 64 80 magnitude (db) frequency (khz) 06106-009 06106-006 figure 8. dac stop-band filter response, 192 khz figure 5. dac pass-band filter response, 96 khz
ad1934 rev. b | page 12 of 28 theory of operation digital-to-analog converters (dacs) the ad1934 dac channels are arranged as single-ended, four stereo pairs giving eight analog outputs for minimum external components. the dacs include on-board digital reconstruction filters with 70 db stop-band attenuation and linear phase response, operating at an oversampling ratio of 4 (48 khz or 96 khz modes) or 2 (192 khz mode). each channel has its own independently programmable attenuator, adjustable in 255 steps in increments of 0.375 db. digital inputs are supplied through four serial data input pins (one for each stereo pair) and a common frame (dlrclk) and bit (dbclk) clock. alternatively, one of the tdm modes can be used to access up to 16 channels on a single tdm data line. each output pin has a nominal common-mode dc level of 1.5 v and swings 1.27 v for a 0 dbfs digital input signal. a single op amp, third-order, external, low-pass filter is recommended to remove high frequency noise present on the output pins. the use of op amps with low slew rate or low bandwidth can cause high frequency noise and tones to fold down into the audio band; therefore, exercise care in selecting these components. the voltage at cm, the common-mode reference pin, can be used to bias the external op amps that buffer the output signals (see the power supply and voltage reference section). clock signals the on-chip phase locked loop (pll) can be selected to reference the input sample rate from either of the lrclk pins or 256, 384, 512, or 768 times the sample rate, referenced to the 48 khz mode from the mclki pin. the default at power-up is 256 f s from mclki pin. in 96 khz mode, the master clock frequency stays at the same absolute frequency; therefore, the actual multiplication rate is divided by 2. in 192 khz mode, the actual multiplication rate is divided by 4. for example, if a device in the ad1934 family is programmed in 256 f s mode, the frequency of the master clock input is 256 48 khz = 12.288 mhz. if the ad1934 is then switched to 96 khz operation (by writing to the spi or i 2 c port), the frequency of the master clock should remain at 12.288 mhz, which is now 128 f s . in 192 khz mode, this becomes 64 f s . the internal clock for the dacs varies by mode: 512 f s (48 khz mode), 256 f s (96 khz mode), or 128 f s (192 khz mode). by default, the on-board pll generates this internal master clock from an external clock. a direct 512 f s (referenced to 48 khz mode) master clock can be used for dacs if selected in pll and clock control 1 register. the pll can be powered down in pll and clock control 0 register. to ensure reliable locking when changing pll modes, or if the reference clock is unstable at power-on, power down the pll and then power it back up when the reference clock has stabilized. the internal mclk can be disabled in pll and clock control 0 register to reduce power dissipation when the ad1934 is idle. the clock should be stable before it is enabled. unless a stand- alone mode is selected (see the serial control port section), the clock is disabled by reset and must be enabled by writing to the spi or i 2 c port for normal operation. to maintain the highest performance possible, it is recommended that the clock jitter of the internal master clock signal be limited to less than 300 ps rms time interval error (tie). even at these levels, extra noise or tones can appear in the dac outputs if the jitter spectrum contains large spectral peaks. if the internal pll is not being used, it is highly recommended that an independent crystal oscillator generate the master clock. in addition, it is especially important that the clock signal not be passed through an fpga, cpld, or other large digital chip (such as a dsp) before being applied to the ad1934. in most cases, this induces clock jitter due to the sharing of common power and ground connections with other unrelated digital output signals. when the pll is used, jitter in the reference clock is attenuated above a certain frequency depending on the loop filter. reset and power-down reset sets all the control registers to their default settings. to avoid pops, reset does not power down the analog outputs. after reset is deasserted, and the pll acquires lock condition, an initialization routine runs inside the ad1934. this initialization lasts for approximately 256 mclks. the power-down bits in the pll and clock control 0 and dac control 1 registers power down the respective sections. all other register settings are retained. to guarantee proper startup, the reset pin should be pulled low by an external resistor.
ad1934 rev. b | page 13 of 28 serial control port the ad1934 has an spi control port that permits programming and reading back of the internal control registers for the dacs and clock system. there is also a standalone mode available for operation without serial control that is configured at reset using the serial control pins. all registers are set to default, except the internal mclk enable which is set to 1. standalone mode only supports stereo mode with i 2 s data format and 256 f s master clock rate. table 11 shows the spi control port pins logic state when configured in standalone and spi software control mode. all four spi control port pins need to be set to logic low for standalone operation (see tabl e 11 ). it is recommended to use a weak pull-up resistor on clatch in applications that have a microcontroller. this pull-up resistor ensures that the ad1934 recognizes the presence of a microcontroller. the spi control port of the ad1934 is a 4-wire serial control port. the format is similar to the motorola spi format except the input data-word is 24 bits wide. the serial bit clock and latch can be completely asynchronous to the sample rate of the dacs. figure 9 shows the format of the spi signal. the first byte is a global address with a read/write bit. for the ad1934, the address is 0x04, shifted left 1 bit due to the r/ w bit. the second byte is the ad1934 register address and the third byte is the data. table 11. spi vs. standalone mode configuration dac control cout cin clatch cclk spi out in 1 (pull-up) in standalone 0 0 0 0 d0 d0 d8 d8 d22 d23 d9 d9 c latch cclk cin cout t cch t ccl t cds t cdh t cls t ccp t clh t cots t cod t coe 06106-010 figure 9. format of spi signal
ad1934 rev. b | page 14 of 28 power supply and voltage reference the ad1934 is designed for 3.3 v supplies. separate power supply pins are provided for the analog and digital sections. these pins should be bypassed with 100 nf ceramic chip capacitors, as close to the pins as possible, to minimize noise pickup. a bulk aluminum electrolytic capacitor of at least 22 f should also be provided on the same pc board as the dac. for critical applications, improved performance is obtained with separate supplies for the analog and digital sections. if this is not possible, it is recommended that the analog and digital supplies be isolated by means of a ferrite bead in series with each supply. it is important that the analog supply be as clean as possible. all digital inputs are compatible with ttl and cmos levels. all outputs are driven from the 3.3 v dvdd supply and are compatible with ttl and 3.3 v cmos levels. the dac internal voltage reference (vref) is brought out on filtr and should be bypassed as close as possible to the chip, with a parallel combination of 10 f and 100 nf. any external current drawn should be limited to less than 50 a. the internal reference can be disabled in pll and clock control 1 register and filtr can be driven from an external source. this can be used to scale the dac output to the clipping level of a power amplifier based on its power supply voltage. the cm pin is the internal common-mode reference. it should be bypassed as close as possible to the chip, with a parallel combination of 47 f and 100 nf. this voltage can be used to bias external op amps to the common-mode voltage of the input and output signal pins. the output current should be limited to less than 0.5 ma source and 2 ma sink. serial data portsdata format the eight dac channels use a common serial bit clock (dbclk) and a common left-right framing clock (dlrclk) in the serial data port. the clock signals are all synchronous with the sample rate. the normal stereo serial modes are shown in figure 15 . the dac serial data modes default to i 2 s. the ports can also be programmed for left-justified, right-justified, and tdm modes. the word width is 24 bits by default and can be programmed for 16 or 20 bits. the dac serial formats are programmable according to dac control 0 register. the polarity of the dbclk and dlrclk is programmable according to dac control 1 register. the auxiliary tdm port is also provided for applications requiring more than eight dac channels. in this mode, the auxtdmlrclk and auxtdmbclk pins are configured as tdm port clocks. in regular tdm mode, the dlrclk and dbclk pins are used as the tdm port clocks. the auxiliary tdm serial ports format and its serial clock polarity is programmable according to the auxiliary tdm port control 0 register and control 1 register. both dac and auxiliary tdm serial ports are programmable to become the bus masters according to dac control 1 register and auxiliary tdm control 1 register. by default, both auxiliary tdm and dac serial ports are in the slave mode. time-division multiplexed (tdm) modes the ad1934 serial ports also have several different tdm serial data modes. the most commonly used configuration is shown in figure 10 . in figure 10 , the eight on-chip dac data slots are packed into one tdm stream. in this mode, dbclk is 256 f s . the i/o pins of the serial ports are defined according to the serial mode selected. for a detailed description of the function of each pin in tdm and aux modes, see table 12 . the ad1934 allows systems with more than eight dac channels to be easily configured by the use of an auxiliary serial data port. the dac tdm-aux mode is shown in figure 11 . in this mode, the aux channels are the last four slots of the 16-channel tdm data stream. these slots are extracted and output to the aux serial port. one major difference between the tdm mode and an auxiliary tdm mode is the assignment of the tdm port pins, as shown in table 12 . in auxiliary tdm mode, dbclk and dlrclk are assigned as the auxiliary port clocks, and auxtdmbclk and auxtdmlrclk are assigned as the tdm port clocks. in regular tdm or 16-channel, daisy-chain tdm mode, the dlrclk and dbclk pins are set as the tdm port clocks. it should be noted that due to the high auxtdmbclk frequency, 16-channel auxiliary tdm mode is available only in the 48 khz/44.1 khz/32 khz sample rate. slot 1 left 1 slot 2 right 1 slot 3 left 2 slot 4 right 2 msb msb?1 msb?2 data bclk lrclk slot 5 left 3 slot 6 right 3 slot 7 left 4 slot 8 right 4 lrclk bclk data 256 bclks 32 bclk 06106-017 figure 10. dac tdm (8-channel i 2 s mode)
ad1934 rev. b | page 15 of 28 table 12. pin function changes in tdm and aux modes pin name stereo modes tdm modes aux modes auxdata1 not used (float) not used (float) aux data out 1 (to external dac 1) dsdata1 dac1 data in dac tdm data in tdm data in dsdata2 dac2 data in dac tdm data out not used (ground) dsdata3 dac3 data in dac tdm data in 2 (dual-line mode) not used (ground) dsdata4 dac4 data in dac tdm data out 2 (dual- line mode) aux data out 2 (to external dac 2) auxtdmlrclk not used (ground) not used (ground) tdm frame sync in/out auxtdmbclk not used (ground) not used (ground) tdm bclk in/out dlrclk dac lrclk in/out dac tdm frame sync in/out aux lrclk in/out dbclk dac bclk in/out dac tdm bclk in/out aux bclk in/out left right msb msb msb msb auxtdmlrclk auxtdmbclk dsdata1 (tdm_in) dlrclk (aux port) dbclk (aux port) auxdata1 (aux1_out) dsdata4 (aux2_out) msb empty empty empty empty dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 aux l1 aux r1 aux l2 aux r2 8-on-chip dac channels auxiliary dac channels will appear at aux dac ports unused slots 32 bits 0 6106-051 figure 11. 16-channel dac tdm-aux mode
ad1934 rev. b | page 16 of 28 daisy-chain mode the ad1934 also allows a daisy-chain configuration to expand the system 16 dacs (see figure 12 ). in this mode, the dbclk frequency is 512 f s . the first eight slots of the dac tdm data stream belong to the first ad1934 in the chain and the last eight slots belong to the second ad1934. the second ad1934 is the device attached to the dsp tdm port. to accommodate 16 channels at a 96 khz sample rate, the ad1934 can be configured into a dual-line, dac tdm mode, as shown in figure 13 . this mode allows a slower dbclk than normally required by the one-line tdm mode. again, the first four channels of each tdm input belong to the first ad1934 in the chain and the last four channels belong to the second ad1934. the dual-line, dac tdm mode can also be used to send data at a 192 khz sample rate into the ad1934, as shown in figure 14 . the i/o pins of the serial ports are defined according to the serial mode selected. see tabl e 13 for a detailed description of the function of each pin. see figure 18 for a typical ad1934 configuration with two external stereo dacs. figure 15 and figure 16 show the serial mode formats. for maximum flexibility, the polarity of lrclk and bclk are programmable. in these figures, all of the clocks are shown with their normal polarity. the default mode is i 2 s. dlrclk dbclk 8 dac channels of the first ic in the chain 8 unused slots 8 dac channels of the second ic in the chain msb dsdata1 (tdm_in) of the second ad1934 dsdata2 (tdm_out) of the second ad1934 this is the tdm to the first ad1934 dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 32 bits dsp second ad1934 first ad1934 06106-054 figure 12. single-line dac tdm daisy-chain mode (applicable to 48 khz sample rate, 16-channel, two ad1934 daisy chain) dlrclk dbclk 8 dac channels of the second ic in the chain 8 dac channels of the first ic in the chain dsdata1 (in) dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dsdata3 (in) dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 dsdata2 (out) dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dsdata4 (out) dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 32 bits dsp second ad1934 first ad1934 msb 06106-055 figure 13. dual-line, dac tdm mode (applicable to 96 khz sample rate, 16-channel, two ad1934 daisy chain; dsdata3 and dsdata4 a re the daisy chain)
ad1934 rev. b | page 17 of 28 06106-058 dlrclk dbclk dsdata1 dac l1 dac r1 dac l2 dac r2 dsdata2 dac l3 dac r3 dac l4 dac r4 32 bits msb figure 14. dual-line, dac tdm mode (applicable to 192 khz sample rate, 8-channel mode) lrclk bclk sdat a lrclk bclk sdat a lrclk bclk sdat a lsb lsb lsb lsb lsb lsb left channel right channel right channel left channel left channel right channel msb msb msb msb msb msb right-justified mode?select number of bits per channel dsp mode?16 bits to 24 bits per channel i 2 s mode?16 bits to 24 bits per channel left-justified mode?16 bits to 24 bits per channel lrclk bclk sdat a lsb lsb notes 1. dsp mode does not identify channel. 2. lrclk normally operates at f s except for dsp mode, which is 2 f s . 3. bclk frequency is normally 64 lrclk but may be operated in burst mode. msb msb 1/ f s 06106-013 figure 15. stereo serial modes
ad1934 rev. b | page 18 of 28 dbclk dlrclk dsdata left-justified mode dsdata right-justified mode dsdata i 2 s-justified mode t dlh t dbh t dbl t dls t dds msb msb msb lsb msb?1 t ddh t dds t ddh t dds t ddh t ddh t dds 06106-014 figure 16. dac serial timing auxtdmbclk auxtdmlrclk dsdata1 left-justified mode dsdata1 right-justified mode dsdata1 i 2 s-justified mode t abh lsb msb msb msb msb?1 t abl t als t alh 06106-015 figure 17. auxtdm serial timing
ad1934 rev. b | page 19 of 28 table 13. pin function changes in tdm and aux modes (replication of table 12 ) pin name stereo modes tdm modes aux modes auxdata1 not used (float) not used (float) aux data out 1 (to external dac 1) dsdata1 dac1 data in dac tdm data in tdm data in dsdata2 dac2 data in dac tdm data out not used (ground) dsdata3 dac3 data in dac tdm data in 2 (dual-line mode) not used (ground) dsdata4 dac4 data in dac tdm data out 2 (dual- line mode) aux data out 2 (to external dac 2) auxtdmlrclk not used (ground) not used (ground) tdm frame sync in/out auxtdmbclk not used (ground) not used (ground) tdm bclk in/out dlrclk dac lrclk in/out dac tdm frame sync in/out aux lrclk in/out dbclk dac bclk in/out dac tdm bclk in/out aux bclk in/out aux dac 1 aux dac 2 lrclk bclk data mclk lrclk bclk data mclk 30mhz 12.288mhz sharc is running in slave mode (interrupt-driven) sharc ad1934 tdm master aux master fsync-tdm (rfs) rxclk txclk txdata tfs (nc) auxdata1 dsdata4 dbclk dlrclk dsdata2 dsdata3 mclk auxtdmlrclk auxtdmbclk dsdata1 06106-019 figure 18. example of aux mode connection to sh arc? (ad1934 as tdm master/aux master shown)
ad1934 rev. b | page 20 of 28 control registers definitions the format is the same for i 2 c and spi ports. the global address for the ad1934 is 0x04, shifted left 1 bit due to the r/ w bit. however, in i 2 c, adr0 and adr1 are ored into bit 17 and bit 8 to provide multiple chip addressing. all registers are reset to 0, except for the dac volume registers that are set to full volume. note that the first setting in each control register parameter is the default setting. table 14. register format global address r/ w register address data bit 23:17 16 15:8 7:0 table 15. register addresses and functions address function 0 pll and clock control 0 1 pll and clock control 1 2 dac control 0 3 dac control 1 4 dac control 2 5 dac individual channel mutes 6 dac 1l volume control 7 dac 1r volume control 8 dac 2l volume control 9 dac 2r volume control 10 dac 3l volume control 11 dac 3r volume control 12 dac 4l volume control 13 dac 4r volume control 14 reserved 15 auxiliary tdm port control 0 16 auxiliary tdm port control 1 pll and clock control registers table 16. pll and clock control 0 bit value function description 0 0 normal operation pll power-down 1 power-down 2:1 00 input 256 (44.1 khz or 48 khz) mclk pin functionality (pll active) 01 input 384 (44.1 khz or 48 khz) 10 input 512 (44.1 khz or 48 khz) 11 input 768 (44.1 khz or 48 khz) 4:3 00 xtal oscillator enabled mclko pin 01 256 f s vco output 10 512 f s vco output 11 off 6:5 00 mclk pll input 01 dlrclk 10 auxtdmlrclk 11 reserved 7 0 disable: dac idle internal mclk enable 1 enable: dac active
ad1934 rev. b | page 21 of 28 table 17. pll and clock control 1 bit value function description 0 0 pll clock dac clock source select 1 mclk 1 0 pll clock clock source select 1 mclk 2 0 enabled on-chip voltage reference 1 disabled 3 0 not locked pll lock indicator (read-only) 1 locked 7:4 0000 reserved dac control registers table 18. dac control 0 bit value function description 0 0 normal power-down 1 power-down 2:1 00 32 khz/44.1 khz/48 khz sample rate 01 64 khz/88.2 khz/96 khz 10 128 khz/176.4 khz/192 khz 11 reserved 5:3 000 1 sdata delay (bclk periods) 001 0 010 8 011 12 100 16 101 reserved 110 reserved 111 reserved 7:6 00 stereo (normal) serial format 01 tdm (daisy chain) 10 dac aux mode (dac-, tdm-coupled) 11 dual-line tdm table 19. dac control 1 bit value function description 0 0 latch in midcycle (normal) bclk active edge (tdm in) 1 latch in at end of cycle (pipeline) 2:1 00 64 (2 channels) bclks per frame 01 128 (4 channels) 10 256 (8 channels) 11 512 (16 channels) 3 0 left low lrclk polarity 1 left high 4 0 slave lrclk master/slave 1 master 5 0 slave bclk master/slave 1 master 6 0 dbclk pin bclk source 1 internally generated 7 0 normal bclk polarity 1 inverted
ad1934 rev. b | page 22 of 28 table 20. dac control 2 bit value function description 0 0 unmute master mute 1 mute 2:1 00 flat de-emphasis (32 khz/44.1 khz/48 khz mode only) 01 48 khz curve 10 44.1 khz curve 11 32 khz curve 4:3 00 24 word width 01 20 10 reserved 11 16 5 0 noninverted dac output polarity 1 inverted 7:6 00 reserved table 21. dac individual channel mutes bit value function description 0 0 unmute dac 1 left mute 1 mute 1 0 unmute dac 1 right mute 1 mute 2 0 unmute dac 2 left mute 1 mute 3 0 unmute dac 2 right mute 1 mute 4 0 unmute dac 3 left mute 1 mute 5 0 unmute dac 3 right mute 1 mute 6 0 unmute dac 4 left mute 1 mute 7 0 unmute dac 4 right mute 1 mute table 22. dac volume controls bit value function description 7:0 0 no attenuation dac volume control 1 to 254 ?3/8 db per step 255 full attenuation
ad1934 rev. b | page 23 of 28 auxiliary tdm port control registers table 23. auxiliary tdm control 0 bit value function description 1:0 00 24 word width 01 20 10 reserved 11 16 4:2 000 1 sdata delay (bclk periods) 001 0 010 8 011 12 100 16 101 reserved 110 reserved 111 reserved 6:5 00 reserved serial format 01 reserved 10 dac aux mode 11 reserved 7 0 latch in midcycle (normal) bclk active edge (tdm in) 1 latch in at end of cycle (pipeline) table 24. auxiliary tdm control 1 bit value function description 0 0 50/50 (allows 32/24/20/16 bclk/channel) lrclk format 1 pulse (32 bclk/channel) 1 0 drive out on falling edge (def) bclk polarity 1 drive out on rising edge 2 0 left low lrclk polarity 1 left high 3 0 slave lrclk master/slave 1 master 5:4 00 64 bclks per frame 01 128 10 256 11 512 6 0 slave bclk master/slave 1 master 7 0 auxtdmbclk pin bclk source 1 internally generated additional modes the ad1934 offers several additional modes for board level design enhancements. to reduce the emi in board level design, serial data can be transmitted without an explicit bclk. see figure 19 for an example of a dac tdm data transmission mode that does not require high speed dbclk. this configuration is applicable when the ad1934 master clock is generated by the pll with the dlrclk as the pll reference frequency. to relax the requirement for the setup time of the ad1934 in cases of high speed tdm data transmission, the ad1934 can latch in the data using the falling edge of dbclk. this effectively dedicates the entire bclk period to the setup time. this mode is useful in cases where the source has a large delay time in the serial data driver. figure 20 shows this pipeline mode of data transmission. both the blck-less and pipeline modes are available.
ad1934 rev. b | page 24 of 28 dlrclk internal dbclk dsdata dlrclk internal dbclk tdm-dsdata 32 bits 06106-059 figure 19. serial dac data transmission in tdm format without dbclk (applicable only if pll locks to dlrclk) dlrclk dbclk dsdata data must be valid at this bclk edge msb 06106-060 figure 20. i 2 s pipeline mode in dac serial data transmission (applicable in stereo and tdm useful for high frequency tdm transmission)
ad1934 rev. b | page 25 of 28 application circuits 3 1 2 op275 + ? 4.75k ? 4.75k ? 4.7f + dac out 240pf npo 270pf npo 3.3nf npo audio output 4.99k ? 604 ? 4.99k ? 49.9k ? 06106-024 typical applications circuits are shown in figure 21 , figure 22 , and figure 23 . recommended loop filters for lr clock and master clock as the pll reference are shown in figure 21 . output filters for the dac outputs are shown in figure 22 and figure 23 for the noninverting and inverting cases, respectively. 39nf + 2.2nf lf lrclk a vdd2 3.32k ? 5.6nf 390pf lf mclk avdd2 562 ? 0 6106-027 figure 22. typical dac output filter circuit (single-ended, noninverting) 2 1 3 op275 ? + 3.01k ? 11k ? 4.7f + dac out cm 0.1f 270pf npo 68pf npo 2.2nf npo audio output 604 ? 49.9k ? 11k? 06106-025 figure 21. recommended loop filters for lrclk or mclk pll reference figure 23. typical dac output filter circuit (single-ended, inverting)
ad1934 rev. b | page 26 of 28 outline dimensions compliant to jedec standards ms-026-bbc top view (pins down) 1 12 13 25 24 36 37 48 0.27 0.22 0.17 0.50 bsc lead pitch 1.60 max 0.75 0.60 0.45 view a pin 1 0.20 0.09 1.45 1.40 1.35 0.08 coplanarity view a rotated 90 ccw seating plane 7 3.5 0 0.15 0.05 9.20 9.00 sq 8.80 7.20 7.00 sq 6.80 051706-a figure 24. 48-lead low profile quad flat package [lqfp] (st-48) dimensions shown in millimeters ordering guide model 1, 2 temperature range package description package option ad1934ystz ?40c to +105c 48-lead lqfp st-48 ad1934ystz-rl ?40c to +105c 48-lead lqfp, 13 tape and reel st-48 AD1934WBSTZ ?40c to +105c 48-lead lqfp st-48 AD1934WBSTZ-rl ?40c to +105c 48-lead lqfp, 13 tape and reel st-48 eval-ad1938az evaluation board 1 z = rohs compliant part. 2 w = qualified for auto motive applications. automotive products the AD1934WBSTZ and AD1934WBSTZ-rl models are available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of automotive applications. note that these automotive models may have specifications that differ from the commerc ial models; therefore, designers should review the specifications section of this data sheet carefully. only the automotive grade p roducts shown are available for use in automotive applications. contact your local analog devices account representative for specific p roduct ordering information and to obtain the specific automotive reliability reports for these models.
ad1934 rev. b | page 27 of 28 notes
ad1934 rev. b | page 28 of 28 notes ?2007C2011 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. d06106-0-1/11(b)

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